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Studies

Study libraryReference notes for deep reading.

This is a research index. For a synthesis around one training question, start with the topic guides under Performance Science Lab.

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445 studies for time-trial-performance.

supplements
2025

Intrasession Caffeine Intake and Cycling Performance… (PMID 39326860)

Research note: Intrasession Caffeine Intake and Cycling Performance After Accumulated Work: A Field-Based Study.

Open study note

fueling
2025

Strategic carbohydrate feeding improves performance i… (PMID 40614653)

Research note: Strategic carbohydrate feeding improves performance in ketogenic trained athletes.

Open study note

supplements
2024

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Glucose Inges… (PMID 39519456)

Research note: The Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Glucose Ingestion on Endurance Capacity in Hypoxia: A Double-Blind Crossover Trial.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cyclin… (PMID 38474796)

Research note: Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Influence of the CYP1A2 c.(-163) A > C polymorphism i… (PMID 39007997)

Research note: Influence of the CYP1A2 c.(-163) A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, cros…

Open study note

fueling
2024

PTER is a N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that regulates fe… (PMID 39112712)

Research note: PTER is a N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that regulates feeding and obesity.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance… (PMID 38406865)

Research note: Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments.

Open study note

pacing
2024

The Characteristics of Endurance Events with a Variab… (PMID 38921858)

Research note: The Characteristics of Endurance Events with a Variable Pacing Profile-Time to Embrace the Concept of "Intermittent Endurance Events"?

Open study note

fueling
2024

Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion a… (PMID 38612966)

Research note: Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate… (PMID 39771003)

Research note: Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Muscular Endurance Performance.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Caffeine Placebo Effect in Sport and Exercise: A Syst… (PMID 39339818)

Research note: Caffeine Placebo Effect in Sport and Exercise: A Systematic Review.

Open study note

pacing
2024

Limits of Ultra: Towards an Interdisciplinary Underst… (PMID 37751076)

Research note: Limits of Ultra: Towards an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Ultra-Endurance Running Performance.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhanc… (PMID 39246027)

Research note: Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhances muscular endurance, strength, and power.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Caffeine intake enhances peak oxygen uptake and perfo… (PMID 37608124)

Research note: Caffeine intake enhances peak oxygen uptake and performance during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate hypoxia.

Open study note

altitude
2024

Carbon monoxide supplementation: evaluating its poten… (PMID 39236115)

Research note: Carbon monoxide supplementation: evaluating its potential to enhance altitude training effects and cycling performance in elite athletes.

Open study note

tapering
2024

High-level performances following low altitude traini… (PMID 38992976)

Research note: High-level performances following low altitude training and tapering in warm environments in elite racewalkers.

Open study note

fueling
2024

Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester without Co-inge… (PMID 37565450)

Research note: Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester without Co-ingestion of Carbohydrate Improves Running Economy in Male Endurance Runners.

Open study note

tapering
2024

Unique enlargement of human soleus muscle for bipedal… (PMID 39126782)

Research note: Unique enlargement of human soleus muscle for bipedalism at the expense of the ease of leg swing.

Open study note

heat
2024

Chasing Gold: Heat Acclimation in Elite Handcyclists… (PMID 38885662)

Research note: Chasing Gold: Heat Acclimation in Elite Handcyclists with Spinal Cord Injury.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Cycling: A Systematic R… (PMID 38892701)

Research note: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Cycling: A Systematic Review.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performanc… (PMID 38836626)

Research note: Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Open study note

tapering
2024

Training for Elite Team-Pursuit Track Cyclists-Part I… (PMID 39142645)

Research note: Training for Elite Team-Pursuit Track Cyclists-Part I: A Profile of General Training Characteristics.

Open study note

tapering
2024

Increased training load promotes sleep propensity and… (PMID 38148606)

Research note: Increased training load promotes sleep propensity and slow-wave sleep in endurance runners: Can a high-heat-capacity mattress topper modulate this effect?

Open study note

supplements
2024

Acute effects of commercial energy drink consumption… (PMID 38197606)

Research note: Acute effects of commercial energy drink consumption on exercise performance and cardiovascular safety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled…

Open study note

altitude
2024

Combining Heat and Altitude Training to Enhance Tempe… (PMID 38237571)

Research note: Combining Heat and Altitude Training to Enhance Temperate, Sea-Level Performance.

Open study note

fueling
2024

The ergogenic effects of acute carbohydrate feeding o… (PMID 37449467)

Research note: The ergogenic effects of acute carbohydrate feeding on endurance performance: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Open study note

supplements
2024

No additive effect of creatine, caffeine, and sodium… (PMID 38646853)

Research note: No additive effect of creatine, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate on intense exercise performance in endurance-trained individuals.

Open study note

supplements
2024

Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Ca… (PMID 38892692)

Research note: Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individ…

Open study note

supplements
2024

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) but Not Low-Dose Caffeine… (PMID 37898479)

Research note: Guarana (Paullinia cupana) but Not Low-Dose Caffeine Improves Cycling Time-Trial Performance Versus Placebo.

Open study note

pacing
2023

Participation and performance trends in short-, mediu… (PMID 37291186)

Research note: Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon.

Open study note

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