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Caffeine Placebo Effect in Sport and Exercise: A Systematic Review.

PMID 39339818 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 39339818

Caffeine Placebo Effect in Sport and Exercise: A Systematic Review.

Nutrients2024 • DOI 10.3390/nu16183219
Evidence B77/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

The objective of this review article is to systematically identify the caffeine placebo effect in sport and exercise activities. (expert consensus / guideline; participants).

In this expert consensus / guideline, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: The objective of this review article is to systematically identify the caffeine placebo effect in sport and exercise activities.
  • In this expert consensus / guideline, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: caffeine.
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on supplements.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: expert consensus / guideline (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: participants.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 39339818 (2024) — Nutrients.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

The objective of this review article is to systematically identify the caffeine placebo effect in sport and exercise activities.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources