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Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance.

PMID 38612966 (2024): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 38612966

Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance.

Nutrients2024 • DOI 10.3390/nu16070932
Evidence C56/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. (controlled study; recreational participants).

Effects on Time-trial performance are mixed or unclear from the abstract alone. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis.
  • Effects on Time-trial performance are mixed or unclear from the abstract alone.
  • Population: recreational participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 4 h • 2 h • 60 min • 20 km • 20km • 5 km.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: carbohydrate, carb (vs placebo).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 4 h • 2 h • 60 min • 20 km • 20km • 5 km • 5km.
  • Outcomes: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (recreational participants) working on fueling.
  • Athletes who can measure Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: controlled study (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: recreational participants.
  • Comparator: placebo.
  • Outcomes measured: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 4 h • 2 h • 60 min • 20 km • 20km • 5 km • 5km.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 38612966 (2024) — Nutrients.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

However, no treatment differences (p > 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources