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Studies

Study libraryReference notes for deep reading.

This is a research index. For a synthesis around one training question, start with the topic guides under Performance Science Lab.

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445 studies for time-trial-performance.

fueling
2025

Impact of carbohydrate timing on glucose metabolism a… (PMID 40259503)

PMID 40259503 (2025): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Intrasession Caffeine Intake and Cycling Performance… (PMID 39326860)

PMID 39326860 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Effects of Caffeine Dose and Administration Method on… (PMID 41374083)

PMID 41374083 (2025): caffeine, dose — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Head, Face, and Neck Cooling for Performance: A Syste… (PMID 40355096)

PMID 40355096 (2025): head, face — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2025

Acute ingestion of snake fruit jelly improves glycemi… (PMID 41139389)

PMID 41139389 (2025): glucose — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Navigating the Maze of Deception in Endurance Sports:… (PMID 40454647)

PMID 40454647 (2025): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment… (PMID 39438312)

PMID 39438312 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Effects of taurine combined with caffeine on repetiti… (PMID 39948152)

PMID 39948152 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Caffeine enhances performance regardless of fueling s… (PMID 40964913)

PMID 40964913 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Thean… (PMID 40977612)

PMID 40977612 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Real-Time Performance Prediction in Long-Distance Tra… (PMID 41295769)

PMID 41295769 (2025): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Acute Effects of Caffeine and Taurine Co-Ingestion on… (PMID 40956767)

PMID 40956767 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

In-Exercise Caffeine Improves Exercise Performance in… (PMID 40550151)

PMID 40550151 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Ergogenic effects of supplement combinations on endur… (PMID 40619880)

PMID 40619880 (2025): caffeine, bicarbonate — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2025

Strategic carbohydrate feeding improves performance i… (PMID 40614653)

PMID 40614653 (2025): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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altitude
2025

A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches a… (PMID 40077786)

PMID 40077786 (2025): altitude — VO₂max, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Effects of caffeine and its metabolites, theobromine… (PMID 40850526)

PMID 40850526 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

The physiology and psychology of negative splits: ins… (PMID 40740427)

PMID 40740427 (2025): pacing, splits — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Pacing Strategy and Resulting Performance of Elite Tr… (PMID 39884270)

PMID 39884270 (2025): pacing, even pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in… (PMID 40770400)

PMID 40770400 (2025): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2025

Polyphenol-Rich Snack Consumption during Endurance Ex… (PMID 40321836)

PMID 40321836 (2025): taper — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Acute caffeine intake improves muscular strength, pow… (PMID 40478455)

PMID 40478455 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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heat
2025

Mitochondrial adaptations from heat acclimation - A n… (PMID 41022024)

PMID 41022024 (2025): heat acclimation, heat stress — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Neuromuscular… (PMID 40845293)

PMID 40845293 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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heat
2025

The effect of post-exercise heat exposure (passive he… (PMID 39762944)

PMID 39762944 (2025): heat acclimation, sauna — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025

Single and combined effect of beetroot juice and caff… (PMID 40369047)

PMID 40369047 (2025): caffeine, beetroot — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2025

Pacing in ultra-marathon running: the Western States… (PMID 40087377)

PMID 40087377 (2025): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2025

Fatigue Resistance of Customized Implant-Supported Re… (PMID 40731630)

PMID 40731630 (2025): taper — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2025

Effects of sodium bicarbonate and carbohydrate intake… (PMID 41316585)

PMID 41316585 (2025): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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altitude
2025

Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-mu… (PMID 40088888)

PMID 40088888 (2025): dietary, timing — VO₂max, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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