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Study libraryReference notes for deep reading.

This is a research index. For practical defaults, start with topic pages under Performance Science Lab.

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391 study page(s) for time-trial-performance.

supplements
2025
Evidence C
Action 2

Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment… (PMID 39438312)

PMID 39438312 (2025): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2025
Evidence C
Action 2

Ketone ester ingestion increases exogenous carbohydra… (PMID 40794305)

PMID 40794305 (2025): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2025
Evidence B
Action 2

Ergogenic effects of supplement combinations on endur… (PMID 40619880)

PMID 40619880 (2025): caffeine, bicarbonate — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Increased training load promotes sleep propensity and… (PMID 38148606)

PMID 38148606 (2024): taper — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion a… (PMID 38612966)

PMID 38612966 (2024): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Limits of Ultra: Towards an Interdisciplinary Underst… (PMID 37751076)

PMID 37751076 (2024): pacing, even pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2024
Evidence D
Action 3

PTER is a N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that regulates fe… (PMID 39112712)

PMID 39112712 (2024): glucose, feeding — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

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pacing
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

The Characteristics of Endurance Events with a Variab… (PMID 38921858)

PMID 38921858 (2024): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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altitude
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Combining Heat and Altitude Training to Enhance Tempe… (PMID 38237571)

PMID 38237571 (2024): altitude, hypoxia — VO₂max, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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heat
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Chasing Gold: Heat Acclimation in Elite Handcyclists… (PMID 38885662)

PMID 38885662 (2024): heat acclimation — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Training for Elite Team-Pursuit Track Cyclists-Part I… (PMID 39142645)

PMID 39142645 (2024): taper, peaking — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Influence of the CYP1A2 c.(-163) A > C polymorphism i… (PMID 39007997)

PMID 39007997 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Ca… (PMID 38892692)

PMID 38892692 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Caffeine Placebo Effect in Sport and Exercise: A Syst… (PMID 39339818)

PMID 39339818 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhanc… (PMID 39246027)

PMID 39246027 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Cycling: A Systematic R… (PMID 38892701)

PMID 38892701 (2024): caffeine, nitrate — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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altitude
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Carbon monoxide supplementation: evaluating its poten… (PMID 39236115)

PMID 39236115 (2024): altitude — VO₂max, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

High-level performances following low altitude traini… (PMID 38992976)

PMID 38992976 (2024): taper, tapering — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

No additive effect of creatine, caffeine, and sodium… (PMID 38646853)

PMID 38646853 (2024): caffeine, bicarbonate — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) but Not Low-Dose Caffeine… (PMID 37898479)

PMID 37898479 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance… (PMID 38406865)

PMID 38406865 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

Open study note

supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate… (PMID 39771003)

PMID 39771003 (2024): caffeine, bicarbonate — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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fueling
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester without Co-inge… (PMID 37565450)

PMID 37565450 (2024): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

Open study note

supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performanc… (PMID 38836626)

PMID 38836626 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

Open study note

fueling
2024
Evidence B
Action 1

The ergogenic effects of acute carbohydrate feeding o… (PMID 37449467)

PMID 37449467 (2024): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

Open study note

supplements
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Glucose Inges… (PMID 39519456)

PMID 39519456 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence B
Action 2

Caffeine intake enhances peak oxygen uptake and perfo… (PMID 37608124)

PMID 37608124 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cyclin… (PMID 38474796)

PMID 38474796 (2024): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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supplements
2024
Evidence C
Action 2

Acute effects of commercial energy drink consumption… (PMID 38197606)

PMID 38197606 (2024): acute, commercial — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

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tapering
2023
Evidence C
Action 2

Higher training loads affect sleep in endurance runne… (PMID 37987739)

PMID 37987739 (2023): taper — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

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