From the authors’ conclusion
“Although not statistically significant, trends observed in the forest plots suggest a potential advantage of combined supplement intake.”
A short excerpt, not the complete finding. Read the linked abstract for the comparison, measurements and context.
Publication details
- Record
- PubMed 40619880
- Publication types
- Meta-Analysis · Systematic Review · review-article
- Indexed subjects
- Beta vulgaris · Sodium Bicarbonate · Caffeine · Physical Endurance · Dietary Supplements
- Source record checked
- 2026-10-18
Publication type and subject indexing describe the record; they are not a quality grade or proof of a benefit. An abstract does not replace a review of the full methods and results.
Adaptive AI coach for iPhone
Meet your adaptive AI coach.
Tell your coach what you are training for. It builds the plan, follows the work you complete, and adapts upcoming training when recovery, your schedule, or real life changes.
Keep going
Performance Science Lab
Research summaries for endurance athletes, with study context, practical protocols, and clear limitations.
Open guideSupplements performance research
Supplements are optional. Only a few reliably move the needle, and context matters.
Open guideCaffeine for endurance performance: a practical protocol
Evidence-informed protocol: Caffeine for endurance performance: a practical protocol. Practical steps, who it helps, and what to watch out for.
Open guide