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The effect of post-exercise heat exposure (passive heat acclimation) on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 39762944 (2025): heat acclimation, sauna — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 39762944

The effect of post-exercise heat exposure (passive heat acclimation) on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025 • DOI 10.1186/s13102-024-01038-6
Evidence B77/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

BACKGROUND: "Active" heat acclimation (exercise-in-the-heat) can improve exercise performance but the efficacy of "passive" heat acclimation using post-exercise heat exposure is unclear. (systematic review / meta-analysis; trained athletes).

In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Performance in heat, Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: BACKGROUND: "Active" heat acclimation (exercise-in-the-heat) can improve exercise performance but the efficacy of "passive" heat acclimation using post-exercise heat exposure is unclear.
  • In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Performance in heat, Time-trial performance.
  • Population: trained athletes.
  • Protocol cues (full paper): 30 min • 25°C • 18°C.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: heat acclimation, sauna.
  • Dose/time/duration cues found in the full paper: 30 min • 25°C • 18°C.
  • Outcomes: Performance in heat, Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (trained athletes) working on heat.
  • Athletes who can measure Performance in heat, Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: systematic review / meta-analysis (crossover).
  • Population: trained athletes.
  • Outcomes measured: Performance in heat, Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues (paper): 30 min • 25°C • 18°C.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 39762944 (2025) — BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation.

Full paper

What the full paper adds

  • Design features (paper): crossover.
  • Participants (paper): trained athletes.
  • More protocol detail (paper): 30 min • 25°C • 18°C.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Further high-quality trials are needed to make firm conclusions.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources