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Studies

Study libraryReference notes for deep reading.

This is a research index. For a synthesis around one training question, start with the topic guides under Performance Science Lab.

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445 studies for time-trial-performance.

endurance
2026

Where am I struggling? Detailed benchmarks for every… (PMID 42189569)

Research note: Where am I struggling? Detailed benchmarks for every workout and category in Hyrox(c) competition.

Open study note

endurance
2026

Strengthening recovery, enduring sleep. An ecological… (PMID 41762273)

Research note: Strengthening recovery, enduring sleep. An ecologically valid assessment of sleep quantity and quality in hybrid athletes: does training mode matter?

Open study note

endurance
2026

Hyrox(c): A Descriptive Analysis of Participation Tre… (PMID 41380137)

Research note: Hyrox(c): A Descriptive Analysis of Participation Trends Among Over 275,000 Athletes in the New Fitness Modality.

Open study note

pacing
2026

The impact of advanced footwear technology on running… (PMID 42212262)

Research note: The impact of advanced footwear technology on running performance and pacing in world marathon majors.

Open study note

pacing
2026

The New York City Marathon: A systematic review of pe… (PMID 42272862)

Research note: The New York City Marathon: A systematic review of performance, participation, pacing, and health-related outcomes.

Open study note

tapering
2026

Artificial intelligence-generated marathon training p… (PMID 41722095)

Research note: Artificial intelligence-generated marathon training programs: reliable tools in exercise prescription for athletic performance?

Open study note

fueling
2026

Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports… (PMID 42070893)

Research note: Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? Debate Consensus.

Open study note

supplements
2026

Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Endurance Perform… (PMID 41147687)

Research note: Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Endurance Performance and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Patients with COPD.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Pacing profiles and slowdown patterns in ultra-triath… (PMID 42056382)

Research note: Pacing profiles and slowdown patterns in ultra-triathlon performance.

Open study note

supplements
2026

CYP1A2 Genotype and the Ergogenic Effect of Acute Caf… (PMID 41627185)

Research note: CYP1A2 Genotype and the Ergogenic Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance in Trained Individuals.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Comparative Effects of Pacing Strategies on Endurance… (PMID 41313565)

Research note: Comparative Effects of Pacing Strategies on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Open study note

altitude
2026

Heat training augments hemoglobin mass during a moder… (PMID 41934470)

Research note: Heat training augments hemoglobin mass during a moderate-altitude training camp in well-trained endurance athletes.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Energy Availability as a Neurocognitive Regulator of… (PMID 42043082)

Research note: Energy Availability as a Neurocognitive Regulator of Endurance Performance: Integrating Metabolic, Perceptual, and Decision-Making Mechanisms-A Narrat…

Open study note

pacing
2026

Mind-Muscle-Environment Interactions: Psychophysiolog… (PMID 41665741)

Research note: Mind-Muscle-Environment Interactions: Psychophysiological Determinants of Optimal Pacing in Olympic Winter Endurance Sports.

Open study note

tapering
2026

Post-exercise ketone supplementation improves enduran… (PMID 41757674)

Research note: Post-exercise ketone supplementation improves endurance performance and mitochondrial adaptations during an 8-week endurance training intervention.

Open study note

supplements
2026

Caffeine intake reverses the impairment of sleep rest… (PMID 40640600)

Research note: Caffeine intake reverses the impairment of sleep restriction on high-intensity exercise performance.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Pacing strategy patterns and performance outcomes in… (PMID 42467613)

Research note: Pacing strategy patterns and performance outcomes in marathon running: A large-scale analysis of split time data.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Developing negative split pacing in endurance athlete… (PMID 41602121)

Research note: Developing negative split pacing in endurance athletes: practical guidelines and training models.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Pacing Strategy and Workload Distribution as Determin… (PMID 41489924)

Research note: Pacing Strategy and Workload Distribution as Determinants of Success in One-Day Monument Cycling Races.

Open study note

pacing
2026

Toward a record-eligible sub-2-hour marathon: an upda… (PMID 41351755)

Research note: Toward a record-eligible sub-2-hour marathon: an updated integrative framework of Physiological, technological, and cognitive determinants.

Open study note

endurance
2025

Integrative Physiological Strategies for Monitoring D… (PMID 41295764)

Research note: Integrative Physiological Strategies for Monitoring Demands in Functional Fitness.

Open study note

endurance
2025

High Intensity Functional Training in Hybrid Competit… (PMID 41133555)

Research note: High Intensity Functional Training in Hybrid Competitions: A Scoping Review of Performance Models and Physiological Adaptations.

Open study note

endurance
2025

Acute physiological responses and performance determi… (PMID 40230601)

Research note: Acute physiological responses and performance determinants in Hyrox((c)) - a new running-focused high intensity functional fitness trend.

Open study note

fueling
2025

Acute ingestion of snake fruit jelly improves glycemi… (PMID 41139389)

Research note: Acute ingestion of snake fruit jelly improves glycemic response, enhances endurance performance and antioxidant defense, and reduces inflammatory mark…

Open study note

pacing
2025

Women in the triathlon-the differences between female… (PMID 40546782)

Research note: Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.

Open study note

pacing
2025

Blue plaque review series: A.V. Hill, athletic record… (PMID 39988844)

Research note: Blue plaque review series: A.V. Hill, athletic records and the birth of exercise physiology.

Open study note

heat
2025

Mitochondrial adaptations from heat acclimation - A n… (PMID 41022024)

Research note: Mitochondrial adaptations from heat acclimation - A narrative review.

Open study note

tapering
2025

The Diet Quality of Ultramarathon Runners Taking Part… (PMID 39940342)

Research note: The Diet Quality of Ultramarathon Runners Taking Part in an Australian Event: A Cross-Sectional Explorative Study.

Open study note

tapering
2025

Polyphenol-Rich Snack Consumption during Endurance Ex… (PMID 40321836)

Research note: Polyphenol-Rich Snack Consumption during Endurance Exercise Training Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability but does not Improve Exercise Performance i…

Open study note

altitude
2025

Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-mu… (PMID 40088888)

Animal research: Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-muscle crosstalk via adipocyte AMPKalpha2 signaling.

Open study note

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