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Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.

PMID 40546782 (2025): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 40546782

Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.

Frontiers in sports and active living2025 • DOI 10.3389/fspor.2025.1567676
Evidence C62/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

INTRODUCTION: Triathlon events have gained popularity in recent years. (narrative review; triathletes).

In this narrative review, the abstract reports associations involving Time-trial performance (not necessarily causation). Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: INTRODUCTION: Triathlon events have gained popularity in recent years.
  • In this narrative review, the abstract reports associations involving Time-trial performance (not necessarily causation).
  • Population: triathletes.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: pacing.
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (triathletes) working on pacing.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: narrative review.
  • Population: triathletes.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 40546782 (2025) — Frontiers in sports and active living.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

The results showed that the participation of female triathletes, especially female master triathletes increased over time.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources