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Research guide

Fat oxidation research

Useful for long events, but most athletes benefit most from better fueling and pacing first.

Updated Oct 17, 2026

What to do first

  • • Fuel long runs and practice gut tolerance; don't chase under-fueling.
  • • Build steady aerobic volume for 8–12 weeks.
  • • Use race-specific long sessions to train the system you’ll use on race day.

Study library (reference)

Source papers linked to this outcome.

study

Carbohydrate ingestion during endurance exercise improves performance in adults.

Human research · 2011 · The Journal of nutrition · PubMed 21411610

study

The ergogenic effects of acute carbohydrate feeding on endurance performance: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Human research · 2024 · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · PubMed 37449467

study

Post-exercise Ingestion of Carbohydrate, Protein and Water: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Effects on Subsequent Athletic Performance.

Human research · 2018 · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · PubMed 29098657

study

Effects of protein in combination with carbohydrate supplements on acute or repeat endurance exercise performance: a systematic review.

Human research · 2014 · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · PubMed 24343835

study

Does caffeine added to carbohydrate provide additional ergogenic benefit for endurance?

Human research · 2011 · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · PubMed 21411838

study

Carbohydrate administration and exercise performance: what are the potential mechanisms involved?

Human research · 2010 · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · PubMed 20726621

study

[EFFECTS OF INGESTING CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS DURING EXERCISE ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW].

Human research · 2015 · Nutricion hospitalaria · PubMed 26545646

study

Glucose and Fructose Hydrogel Enhances Running Performance, Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation, and Gastrointestinal Tolerance.

Human research · 2022 · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · PubMed 34334720

study

Carbohydrate and Protein Co-Ingestion Postexercise Does Not Improve Next-Day Performance in Trained Cyclists.

Human research · 2021 · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · PubMed 34453013

study

Impact of Post-Exercise Fructose-Maltodextrin Ingestion on Subsequent Endurance Performance.

Population not classified in the source record · 2020 · Frontiers in nutrition · PubMed 32582755

study

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes.

Human research · 2019 · Journal of sports sciences · PubMed 30897031

study

The ergogenic potency of carbohydrate mouth rinse on endurance running performance of dehydrated athletes.

Human research · 2019 · European journal of applied physiology · PubMed 31098832

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Sources