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[EFFECTS OF INGESTING CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS DURING EXERCISE ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW].

PMID 26545646 (2015): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 26545646

[EFFECTS OF INGESTING CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS DURING EXERCISE ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW].

Nutricion hospitalaria2015 • DOI 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9645
Evidence B75/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

the aim of this study was to analyze the main studies about the effectiveness of a supplement intake with carbohydrate, protein and electrolytes during exercise. (systematic review / meta-analysis; participants).

In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract is mixed or unclear for Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: the aim of this study was to analyze the main studies about the effectiveness of a supplement intake with carbohydrate, protein and electrolytes during exercise.
  • In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract is mixed or unclear for Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: carbohydrate, carb.
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on fueling.
  • Athletes who can measure Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: systematic review / meta-analysis (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: participants.
  • Outcomes measured: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 26545646 (2015) — Nutricion hospitalaria.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Thirteen obtained results were the intake of sports drinks with protein produced significant improvements on endurance performance compared to beverages with carbohydrates and electrolytes alone, or a placebo.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources