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Running economy research

Economy is the cost of speed. Small improvements compound over long races.

Last updated/Feb 12, 2026, 10:18 PM

Outcome

Running economy

Economy is the cost of speed. Small improvements compound over long races.

What to do first

  • Add strength and short hill sprints (low volume, high quality).
  • Use strides and relaxed fast running to keep mechanics efficient.
  • Avoid big form overhauls close to a race.

Top topic pages

Protocols + decision rules that move this outcome.

Study library (reference)

Studies that measured this outcome.

studyOpen

Effect of Strength Training Programs in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners' Economy at Different Running Speeds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

PMID 38165636 (2024): strength training, plyometric — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Effects of Strength Training on Running Economy in Highly Trained Runners: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials.

PMID 26694507 (2016): strength training, plyometric — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Strategies to improve running economy.

PMID 25164465 (2015): strategies, improve — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners' Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

PMID 38627351 (2024): strength training, plyometric — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

The Effect of Strength Training on Endurance Performance Determinants in Middle- and Long-Distance Endurance Athletes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.

PMID 40153564 (2025): strength training, plyometric — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PMID 31166116 (2019): cadence, foot strike — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Heavy Resistance Training Versus Plyometric Training for Improving Running Economy and Running Time Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PMID 36370207 (2022): resistance training, plyometric — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance.

PMID 28263283 (2017): stride — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes.

PMID 24532151 (2014): strength training, neuromuscular — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Is There an Economical Running Technique? A Review of Modifiable Biomechanical Factors Affecting Running Economy.

PMID 26816209 (2016): stride, ground reaction — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Explosive Training and Heavy Weight Training are Effective for Improving Running Economy in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PMID 27497600 (2017): strength training, neuromuscular — Running economy, Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors.

PMID 27747844 (2015): running, economy — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

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