What the study found
A large forward lean increased metabolic cost at the tested speed, whether the lean came from the ankle or waist. It also changed hip motion and muscle activation.
Participants and protocol
Sixteen healthy young runners tested three lean angles and two lean strategies on a treadmill at 3.58 metres per second.
What this cannot establish
This acute experiment does not show that every runner should adopt an identical posture or that a small natural lean is harmful. Long-term technique adaptation, injury and race performance were not established.
Publication details
- Record
- PubMed 38809851
- Publication types
- research-article
- Indexed subjects
- Leg · Muscle, Skeletal · Energy Metabolism · Posture · Running
- Source record checked
- 2026-10-18
Publication type and subject indexing describe the record; they are not a quality grade or proof of a benefit. An abstract does not replace a review of the full methods and results.
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