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Research guide

Heat performance research

Heat changes pacing, hydration, and fueling — and it can be trained like altitude with fewer logistics.

Updated Jul 22, 2026

Review the evidence

Performance Science Lab

Heat lab

Heat changes pacing, hydration, and fueling — and it can be trained like altitude with fewer logistics.

Start here

  • Heat acclimation is a protocol, not a mindset: dose it like training.
  • Use safer methods first (hot easy sessions, post-run heat) before extreme sauna sessions.
  • Performance in heat is mostly pacing discipline + cooling strategy + acclimation.

Topic guides

Practical starting points to test conservatively.

Outcomes this affects

Study library (reference)

Individual studies for deeper reading.

studyOpen

Short-term heat acclimation training improves physical performance: a systematic review, and exploration of physiological adaptations and application for team sports.

PMID 24817609 (2014): heat acclimation — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Efficacy of Heat Mitigation Strategies on Core Temperature and Endurance Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.

PMID 30842739 (2019): heat acclimation — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

The effect of post-exercise heat exposure (passive heat acclimation) on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 39762944 (2025): heat acclimation, sauna — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Effects of three-exercise sessions in the heat on endurance cycling performance.

PMID 34016347 (2021): three, sessions — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Heat acclimation training with intermittent and self-regulated intensity may be used as an alternative to traditional steady state and power-regulated intensity in endurance cyclists.

PMID 34016357 (2021): heat acclimation — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Prolonged Heat Acclimation and Aerobic Performance in Endurance Trained Athletes.

PMID 31749712 (2019): heat acclimation — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Improvements in Orthostatic Tolerance with Exercise Are Augmented by Heat Acclimation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PMID 38079307 (2024): heat acclimation, heat stress — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

The efficacy of weekly and bi-weekly heat training to maintain the physiological benefits of heat acclimation.

PMID 34750069 (2022): heat acclimation, heat acclimatization — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Effect of short-term heat acclimation on endurance time and skin blood flow in trained athletes.

PMID 24379721 (2013): heat acclimation — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Diver Underwater Cycling Endurance After Short-Term Warm and Hot Water Acclimation.

PMID 35822881 (2023): heat acclimation, hot water immersion — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Differing Physiological Adaptations Induced by Dry and Humid Short-Term Heat Acclimation.

PMID 31094262 (2020): heat acclimation, heat stress — Performance in heat, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

studyOpen

Post-exercise hot water immersion induces heat acclimation and improves endurance exercise performance in the heat.

PMID 26661992 (2016): heat acclimation, hot water immersion — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

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Sources