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Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on performance and running economy in runners: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

PMID 33459175 (2021): photobiomodulation, therapy — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 33459175

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on performance and running economy in runners: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

Journal of sports sciences2021 • DOI 10.1080/02640414.2021.1872930
Evidence B74/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the 3000 m running performance (primary outcome), running economy (RE), metabolic cost and ratings of… (randomized trial; athletes).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Running economy under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the 3000 m running performance (primary outcome), running economy (RE), metabolic cost and ratings of…
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Running economy under the tested conditions.
  • Population: athletes.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 24 h • 72 h • 3000 m • 12 km.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: photobiomodulation, therapy (vs placebo).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 24 h • 72 h • 3000 m • 12 km.
  • Outcomes: Running economy.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (athletes) working on biomechanics.
  • Athletes who can measure Running economy with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: athletes.
  • Comparator: placebo.
  • Outcomes measured: Running economy.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 24 h • 72 h • 3000 m • 12 km.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 33459175 (2021) — Journal of sports sciences.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Athletes performed the 3000 m running test ~7s faster when treated with PBMT with similar effort score compared placebo condition.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources