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Shoe midsole longitudinal bending stiffness and running economy, joint energy, and EMG.

PMID 16540846 (2006): shoe, midsole — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 16540846

Shoe midsole longitudinal bending stiffness and running economy, joint energy, and EMG.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise2006 • DOI 10.1249/01.mss.0000193562.22001.e8
Evidence C56/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

It has been shown that mechanical energy is dissipated at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint during running and jumping. (controlled study; n=13 participants).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Running economy under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: It has been shown that mechanical energy is dissipated at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint during running and jumping.
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Running economy under the tested conditions.
  • Population: n=13 participants.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: shoe, midsole (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Running economy.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=13 participants) working on biomechanics.
  • Athletes who can measure Running economy with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: controlled study.
  • Population: n=13 participants.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Running economy.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 16540846 (2006) — Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Approximately a 1% metabolic energy savings was observed when subjects ran in a stiff midsole relative to the control midsole.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources