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Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature.

PMID 15377965 (2004): does, stretching — Running economy (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 15377965

Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature.

Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine2004 • DOI 10.1097/00042752-200409000-00004
Evidence B75/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the clinical and basic science evidence surrounding the hypothesis that stretching improves performance. (systematic review / meta-analysis; participants).

In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Running economy. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: The purpose of this article was to evaluate the clinical and basic science evidence surrounding the hypothesis that stretching improves performance.
  • In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Running economy.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: does, stretching.
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Running economy.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on biomechanics.
  • Athletes who can measure Running economy with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: systematic review / meta-analysis.
  • Population: participants.
  • Outcomes measured: Running economy.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 15377965 (2004) — Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

There was 1 article that suggested improved running economy.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources