What the study found
The review discusses carbohydrate availability during prolonged exercise and carbohydrate and protein during recovery, while emphasizing variation in response to nutritional strategies.
Participants and protocol
This 2003 narrative article evaluates then-current evidence on macronutrients and endurance performance, including carbohydrate intake and short-term high-fat approaches.
What this cannot establish
It is historical context rather than current standalone dosing guidance. Its ranges and proposed mechanisms should be checked against newer evidence, event demands and individual tolerance.
Publication details
- Record
- PubMed 12834574
- Publication types
- Review
- Indexed subjects
- Dietary Carbohydrates · Dietary Fats · Dietary Proteins · Diet · Physical Endurance
- Source record checked
- 2026-10-18
Publication type and subject indexing describe the record; they are not a quality grade or proof of a benefit. An abstract does not replace a review of the full methods and results.
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Performance Science Lab
Research summaries for endurance athletes, with study context, practical protocols, and clear limitations.
Open guideFueling performance research
Fueling is performance, not just health: the right carbs at the right time change outcomes.
Open guideTime to exhaustion research for endurance athletes
A lab outcome that can still guide training: it often tracks fatigue resistance.
Open guide