Skip to content

Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exercise.

PMID 7723643 (1995): carbohydrate, carb — Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 7723643

Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exercise.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise1995
Evidence C67/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

This study determined the effects of fluid and carbohydrate ingestion on performance, core temperature, and cardiovascular responses during intense exercise lasting 1 h. (randomized trial; participants).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: This study determined the effects of fluid and carbohydrate ingestion on performance, core temperature, and cardiovascular responses during intense exercise lasting 1 h.
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 1 h • 50 min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: carbohydrate, carb (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 1 h • 50 min.
  • Outcomes: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on fueling.
  • Athletes who can measure Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial.
  • Population: participants.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Time to exhaustion, Time-trial performance, Fat oxidation.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 1 h • 50 min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 7723643 (1995) — Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

These trials were pooled so the effects of fluid replacement (Large FR vs Small FR) and carbohydrate ingestion (CHO vs NO CHO) could be determined.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

Coaching beta

Get a plan that adapts to your life.

Join the 26weeks.ai TestFlight beta for adaptive coaching, recovery-aware adjustments, and race-week reminders.

Keep going

Sources