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Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PMID 35889953 (2022): caffeine — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 35889953

Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients2022 • DOI 10.3390/nu14142996
Evidence B79/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to… (expert consensus / guideline; participants).

In this expert consensus / guideline, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to…
  • In this expert consensus / guideline, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 1min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: caffeine.
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 1min.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on supplements.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: expert consensus / guideline (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: participants.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 1min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 35889953 (2022) — Nutrients.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) were performed to analyze the data.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources