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A comparison of heat acclimation by post-exercise hot water immersion and exercise in the heat.

PMID 34116919 (2021): heat acclimation, hot water immersion — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 34116919

A comparison of heat acclimation by post-exercise hot water immersion and exercise in the heat.

Journal of science and medicine in sport2021 • DOI 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.05.008
Evidence C65/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

To compare heat acclimation adaptations after three and six days of either post-exercise hot water immersion (HWI) or exercise-heat-acclimation (EHA) in recreationally active individuals. (randomized trial; n=9 recreational participants).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Performance in heat under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: To compare heat acclimation adaptations after three and six days of either post-exercise hot water immersion (HWI) or exercise-heat-acclimation (EHA) in recreationally active individuals.
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Performance in heat under the tested conditions.
  • Population: n=9 recreational participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 40 min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: heat acclimation, hot water immersion (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 40 min.
  • Outcomes: Performance in heat.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=9 recreational participants) working on heat.
  • Athletes who can measure Performance in heat with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial.
  • Population: n=9 recreational participants.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Performance in heat.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 40 min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 34116919 (2021) — Journal of science and medicine in sport.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Compared with conventional short-term exercise heat acclimation, short-term post-exercise hot water immersion elicited larger thermal adaptations.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources