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The effects of TeaCrine(R) and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players.

PMID 30999897 (2019): caffeine — Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 30999897

The effects of TeaCrine(R) and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2019 • DOI 10.1186/s12970-019-0287-6
Evidence B70/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

BACKGROUND: Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist. (randomized trial; n=24 athletes).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: BACKGROUND: Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist.
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion under the tested conditions.
  • Population: n=24 athletes.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: caffeine (vs placebo).
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=24 athletes) working on supplements.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial (placebo-controlled).
  • Population: n=24 athletes.
  • Comparator: placebo.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance, Time to exhaustion.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 30999897 (2019) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

TTE trended towards significance in TeaCrine(R) and TeaCrine(R) + caffeine conditions compared to placebo (P < 0.052).

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources