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Impact of acute sodium citrate ingestion on endurance running performance in a warm environment.

PMID 25471273 (2015): impact, acute — Performance in heat (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 25471273

Impact of acute sodium citrate ingestion on endurance running performance in a warm environment.

European journal of applied physiology2015 • DOI 10.1007/s00421-014-3068-6
Evidence B74/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

Dietary supplements inducing alkalosis have been shown to be ergogenic during intense endurance exercise in temperate environments, but there is lack of data regarding the efficacy of these substances… (randomized trial; trained participants).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Performance in heat under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Dietary supplements inducing alkalosis have been shown to be ergogenic during intense endurance exercise in temperate environments, but there is lack of data regarding the efficacy of these substances…
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Performance in heat under the tested conditions.
  • Population: trained participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 500 mg • 2.05 min • 2.38 min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: impact, acute (vs placebo).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 500 mg • 2.05 min • 2.38 min.
  • Outcomes: Performance in heat.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (trained participants) working on heat.
  • Athletes who can measure Performance in heat with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial (double-blind, placebo-controlled).
  • Population: trained participants.
  • Comparator: placebo.
  • Outcomes measured: Performance in heat.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 500 mg • 2.05 min • 2.38 min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 25471273 (2015) — European journal of applied physiology.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Pre- and post-exercise blood HCO3 (-) concentration, base excess and pH were higher (P < 0.001) in CIT compared to PLC trial.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources