Skip to content

A total motion release warm-up improves dominant arm shoulder internal and external rotation in baseball players.

PMID 25133079 (2014): stretch, stretching — Injury risk (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 25133079

A total motion release warm-up improves dominant arm shoulder internal and external rotation in baseball players.

International journal of sports physical therapy2014
Evidence C58/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

To explore the effect of the Total Motion Release (TMR(R)) Trunk Twist (TT) and Arm Raise (AR) on IR and external rotation (ER) of the dominant shoulder in baseball… (cohort study; n=10 participants).

The abstract reports an association involving Injury risk (not necessarily causation). Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: To explore the effect of the Total Motion Release (TMR(R)) Trunk Twist (TT) and Arm Raise (AR) on IR and external rotation (ER) of the dominant shoulder in baseball…
  • The abstract reports an association involving Injury risk (not necessarily causation).
  • Population: n=10 participants.
  • Protocol cues: abstract may omit dose/timing; use the full paper to replicate accurately.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: stretch, stretching (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration: abstract doesn’t include enough detail; use the full paper’s methods section.
  • Outcomes: Injury risk.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=10 participants) working on mobility.
  • Athletes who can measure Injury risk with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: cohort study.
  • Population: n=10 participants.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Injury risk.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 25133079 (2014) — International journal of sports physical therapy.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

TMR(R) produced larger increases in IR and ER of the throwing shoulder when compared to the TWG.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

Coaching beta

Get a plan that adapts to your life.

Join the 26weeks.ai TestFlight beta for adaptive coaching, recovery-aware adjustments, and race-week reminders.

Keep going

Sources