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The pacing differences in performance levels of marathon and half-marathon runners.

PMID 38187410 (2023): pacing, even pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 38187410

The pacing differences in performance levels of marathon and half-marathon runners.

Frontiers in psychology2023 • DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1273451
Evidence C56/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

INTRODUCTION: Many studies indicate a considerable impact of optimal pacing on long-distance running performance. (controlled study; n=215 runners).

Results section: no clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: INTRODUCTION: Many studies indicate a considerable impact of optimal pacing on long-distance running performance.
  • Results section: no clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions.
  • Population: n=215 runners.
  • Protocol cues (full paper): 40.2 h • 2 h • 8°C • 21°C • 1°C.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: pacing, even pacing.
  • Dose/time/duration cues found in the full paper: 40.2 h • 2 h • 8°C • 21°C • 1°C.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=215 runners) working on pacing.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: controlled study.
  • Population: n=215 runners.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 195 km.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 38187410 (2023) — Frontiers in psychology.

Full paper

What the full paper adds

  • Participants (paper): n=215 runners.
  • More protocol detail (paper): 40.2 h • 2 h • 8°C • 21°C • 1°C.
  • Results section: no clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Positive pacing strategies (i.e., decrease of speed) were observed in all performance groups of both sex and race.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources