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The effect of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance revisited: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

PMID 36862831 (2022): cold water immersion, recovery — Recovery speed (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 36862831

The effect of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance revisited: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Journal of sports sciences2022 • DOI 10.1080/02640414.2023.2178872
Evidence B77/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

This review evaluated the effect of CWI on the temporal recovery profile of physical performance, accounting for environmental conditions and prior exercise modality. (systematic review / meta-analysis; participants).

In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract is mixed or unclear for Recovery speed. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: This review evaluated the effect of CWI on the temporal recovery profile of physical performance, accounting for environmental conditions and prior exercise modality.
  • In this systematic review / meta-analysis, the abstract is mixed or unclear for Recovery speed.
  • Population: participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 96 h • 1 h • 24 h • 72 h.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: cold water immersion, recovery.
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 96 h • 1 h • 24 h • 72 h.
  • Outcomes: Recovery speed.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (participants) working on recovery.
  • Athletes who can measure Recovery speed with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: systematic review / meta-analysis.
  • Population: participants.
  • Outcomes measured: Recovery speed.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 96 h • 1 h • 24 h • 72 h.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 36862831 (2022) — Journal of sports sciences.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Sixty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources