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The Influence of an Alpha Band Neurofeedback Training in Heart Rate Variability in Athletes.

PMID 34886301 (2021): heart rate variability — Recovery speed (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 34886301

The Influence of an Alpha Band Neurofeedback Training in Heart Rate Variability in Athletes.

International journal of environmental research and public health2021 • DOI 10.3390/ijerph182312579
Evidence C60/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

Neurofeedback training is a technique which has seen a widespread use in clinical applications, but has only given its first steps in the sport environment. (controlled study; athletes).

The abstract suggests a positive effect on Recovery speed under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Neurofeedback training is a technique which has seen a widespread use in clinical applications, but has only given its first steps in the sport environment.
  • The abstract suggests a positive effect on Recovery speed under the tested conditions.
  • Population: athletes.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 300 min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: heart rate variability (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 300 min.
  • Outcomes: Recovery speed.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (athletes) working on monitoring.
  • Athletes who can measure Recovery speed with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: controlled study.
  • Population: athletes.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Recovery speed.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 300 min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 34886301 (2021) — International journal of environmental research and public health.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Only the three sessions/week group revealed significant improvements in mean heart rate variability at the end of the 12 neurofeedback sessions (p = 0.05); however, significant interaction was not found when compared with both groups.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources