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Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review.

PMID 31691928 (2019): altitude — VO₂max, Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 31691928

Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2019 • DOI 10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w
Evidence C60/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600-2400 m) is a common approach used by endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training stimulus in the… (narrative review; n=178 well-trained cyclists).

In this narrative review, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600-2400 m) is a common approach used by endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training stimulus in the…
  • In this narrative review, the abstract suggests a positive relationship with Time-trial performance.
  • Population: n=178 well-trained cyclists.
  • Protocol cues (full paper): 200 mg • 105 mg • 210 mg • 100 mg • 300 mg • 1200 mg/day.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: altitude.
  • Dose/time/duration cues found in the full paper: 200 mg • 105 mg • 210 mg • 100 mg • 300 mg • 1200 mg/day • 2400 mg/day • 120 mg.
  • Outcomes: VO₂max, Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=178 well-trained cyclists) working on altitude.
  • Athletes who can measure VO₂max, Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: narrative review.
  • Population: n=178 well-trained cyclists.
  • Outcomes measured: VO₂max, Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 2400 m • 3000 m.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 31691928 (2019) — Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).

Full paper

What the full paper adds

  • Participants (paper): n=178 well-trained cyclists.
  • More protocol detail (paper): 200 mg • 105 mg • 210 mg • 100 mg • 300 mg • 1200 mg/day • 2400 mg/day • 120 mg.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Meanwhile, many other important questions regarding nutrition and altitude training remain to be answered.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Reviews and consensus statements mix protocols and populations; recommendations may not match your exact constraints.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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