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The Differences in Pacing Among Age Groups of Amateur Cross-Country Skiers Depend on Performance.

PMID 30988850 (2019): pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 11:13 PM

Study note • PMID 30988850

The Differences in Pacing Among Age Groups of Amateur Cross-Country Skiers Depend on Performance.

Journal of human kinetics2019 • DOI 10.2478/hukin-2018-0055
Evidence C60/100
Action 2: Consider

Worth trying if it fits your goal and context.

ELI5

In plain language

Pacing strategies have mainly been investigated for runners, but little is known for cross-country skiers. (controlled study; n=19 runners).

The abstract suggests a trade-off or negative effect affecting Time-trial performance. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: Pacing strategies have mainly been investigated for runners, but little is known for cross-country skiers.
  • The abstract suggests a trade-off or negative effect affecting Time-trial performance.
  • Population: n=19 runners.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 42 km • 10 km • 20 km • 35 km • 3 km.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: pacing (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 42 km • 10 km • 20 km • 35 km • 3 km.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (n=19 runners) working on pacing.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: controlled study.
  • Population: n=19 runners.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 42 km • 10 km • 20 km • 35 km • 3 km.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 30988850 (2019) — Journal of human kinetics.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

Men were faster than women by +14.3% (15.2 +/- 4.0 vs.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources