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Effect of recovery interventions on cycling performance and pacing strategy in the heat.

PMID 24571917 (2014): pacing, even pacing — Time-trial performance (study note for endurance athletes).

Last updated/Feb 23, 2026, 10:34 PM

Study note • PMID 24571917

Effect of recovery interventions on cycling performance and pacing strategy in the heat.

International journal of sports physiology and performance2014 • DOI 10.1123/ijspp.2012-0366
Evidence B71/100
Action 1: Default

Low risk + high feasibility for most athletes.

ELI5

In plain language

To determine the effect of active recovery (AR), passive rest (PR), and cold-water immersion (CWI) after 90 min of intensive cycling on a subsequent 12-min time trial (TT2) and… (randomized trial; trained participants).

The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions. Treat this as a signal, not a guarantee; confirm methods and context in the full paper.

Takeaways

What the abstract suggests

  • Study question: To determine the effect of active recovery (AR), passive rest (PR), and cold-water immersion (CWI) after 90 min of intensive cycling on a subsequent 12-min time trial (TT2) and…
  • The abstract doesn’t indicate a clear change in Time-trial performance under the tested conditions.
  • Population: trained participants.
  • Protocol cues (title/abstract): 90 min • 1 h • 15 min.

Protocol

Protocol (as reported)

  • Intervention/exposure: pacing, even pacing (vs comparison group).
  • Dose/time/duration cues in abstract/title: 90 min • 1 h • 15 min.
  • Outcomes: Time-trial performance.
  • Replication note: abstracts often omit adherence and timing; confirm details before changing training or supplementation.

Fit

Who it helps, and who should skip it

Who it helps

  • Athletes similar to the study population (trained participants) working on pacing.
  • Athletes who can measure Time-trial performance with a repeatable workout or time-trial effort.

Who should skip

  • If you have symptoms or conditions that make the intervention risky, get professional guidance.
  • If you’re near race day and can’t safely test, defer the experiment.

Methods

What the study actually did

  • Design: randomized trial.
  • Population: trained participants.
  • Comparator: comparison group.
  • Outcomes measured: Time-trial performance.
  • Protocol cues mentioned: 90 min • 1 h • 15 min.
  • Source: PubMed PMID 24571917 (2014) — International journal of sports physiology and performance.

Results excerpt

What the abstract reports

No significant TT2 performance differences were observed, but a 1-sample t test (within each condition) revealed different pacing strategies during TT2.

Note: excerpts are short; for full context, read the paper.

Limits

Limitations & bias

  • Abstract-only summaries can miss critical details (population, protocol, adherence, and context).
  • Single studies often don’t generalize to your event, history, and training load; treat results as a starting point.
  • If your context differs (elite vs recreational; cycling vs running), adjust expectations and be conservative.
  • This is performance information, not medical advice.

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Sources